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The lifetime prevalence of nephrolithiasis is 15% for men, with a 5-year recurrence rate of 35% to 50% after an initial event. Although it was initially recommended to limit calcium intake in these patients, a number of studies have reported association between lower total dietary calcium intake and increased risk of incident kidney stones, and that increased calcium intake might reduce the risk of incident kidney stones. We report a 35-year-old male who presented recurrent 8-years of nephrolithiasis and urine crystal with calcium intake restriction, and had no recurrence after 5 years of follow-up after intensive calcium and vitamin D supplementation.
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Metastatic vascular calcification and calcinosis universalis, as severe complications of parathyroid hyperfunction and hyperparathyroidism, have attracted more attention in patients with renal secondary hyperparathyroidism and primary hyperparathyroidism. But, they are of little concern in patients with long-term negative calcium balance related parathyroid hyperfunction or hyperparathyroidism caused by calcium and/or vitamin D insufficiency (CVI). CVI is common in the population. Relatively low level of serum calcium and negative calcium balance caused by long-term CVI result in parathyroid hyperfunction or hyperparathyroidism, which may cause secretion of PTH beyond the physiological level, leading to bone absorption and release of a large amount of bone calcium into the blood. It may not only cause bone loss and osteoporosis, but also form metastatic vascular calcification or calcinosis universalis presented by cardiovascular diseases and other multi-organ lesions. Early calcium deposition can gradually fade after reasonable treatment, but middle arterial calcification is not easy to fade once it occurs. Therefore, vascular calcification and calcium deposition should be actively prevented and early screened and diagnosed. The early prevention, diagnosis and treatment of parathyroid hyperfunction or hyperparathyroidism can prevent, delay, or even reverse the occurrence and development of metastatic vascular calcification and calcinosis universalis, which is significant for disease prevention and protecting the patients' health influenced by these diseases.
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Objective:To explore the risk factors of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in early gastric cancer (ECG), and establish a risk-prediction model based on LNM.Method:Four hundred and twenty-seven EGC patients undergoing curative radical gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. The risk factors for LNM of ECG were analyzed with Logistic regression. LNM risk was stratified and risk-predicting model was established. The risk-predicting model was measured by area under ROC curve. According to the same standard, clinical data of 133 patients with EGC who underwent radical surgery were selected for external verification of the model.Results:The frequency of LNM was 13.3% (32/427) in EGC patients. The LNM ratio of intramucosal carcinoma and submucosal carcinoma was 1.3% (3/237), 15.3% (29/190) respectively. Ulcer presence, tumor size >2 cm, undifferentiated tumor, submucosal invasion, neural invasion, and vascular tumor thrombus were significantly associated with LNM in EGC patients ( χ2=3.408, 16.379, 4.808, 29.804, 25.305, 47.120, respectively P<0.05). Multivariate analysis suggested that ulcer presence, tumor size >2 cm, depth of invasion, neural invasion, and vascular tumor thrombus were independent predictors of LNM in EGC patients, ( OR=0.326, 2.924, 11.824, 13.047, 7.756, respectively P<0.05). LNM predicting model is established, P=e
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Differentiated thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignant tumors, and thyroidectomy is its basic treatment measures. Insufficient attention is paid to its postoperative bone hungry syndrome and parathyroid hyperfunction or hyperparathyroidism, which will seriously affect the patient’s life quality and prognosis. This paper will explore the etiology, dangers, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment for hungry bone syndrome, parathyroid hyperfunction and hyperparathyroidism of thyroid cancer patients after thyroidectomy.
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Objective:To investigate the expression of KLF11 in gastric cancer tissues and cell lines as well as its effect on proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells BGC823.Methods:Sixty pairs gastric cancer tissues and corresponding adjacent tissues were collected. The expression of KLF11 mRNA in gastric cancer tissues and their adjacent tissues was detected by RT-PCR. The expression of KLF11 was detected in gastric cancer cells. KLF11 expression was silenced. The proliferation of cells were detected by using MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle and cell apoptosis rate. Western bloting was used to examine the changes of concentration of proteins associated with cell cycle,cell apoptosis and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway related proteins. The activity of Caspase3 enzyme was detected by spectrophotometry.Results:The relative expression of KLF11 mRNA in gastric carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that of the adjacent tissues ( t=11.38, P<0.05). Its expression was related to tumor size, depth of invasion, lymph node metastasis and TNM clinical stage (all P<0.05). The proliferation of BGC823 cells was significantly suppressed after KLF11 silencing ( F=19.56, P<0.05), and the cell cycle was arrested in G 0/G 1 phase [(41.40%±0.98%) vs. (66.53%±1.01%), F=32.69, P<0.05]. Meanwhile, the apoptosis rate was significantly increased by KFL11 silencing [(41.44%±1.59%) vs. (15.42%±0.86%), F=35.35, P<0.05]. The results of Western blotting revealed that the expression of Bax and Cleaved Caspase3 was significantly increased ( F=23.33, 33.63; both P<0.05), wheras that of β-catenin, Bcl-2, CyclinD1and CyclinE was significantly reduced ( F=22.21, 16.24, 26.75, 33.42; all P<0.05). The activity of Caspase3 enzyme was enhanced ( F=16.56, P<0.05). Conclusion:KLF11 was highly-expressed in gastric cancer tissues and cells, KFL11 silencing could inhibit gastric cancer cells proliferation and induce cell apoptosis via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
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Hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disease that seriously affects human health, depending on its etiology, which can be divided into three types: primary, secondary and tertiary. In clinical practice, we found that some primary hyperparathyroidism may be secondary or tertiary hyperparathyroidism caused by insufficient calcium intake and/or vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency, and become a common type of hyperparathyroidism. The daily calcium intake of Chinese people is generally insufficient. Vitamin D can promote the absorption of calcium, but vitamin D deficiency/insufficiency is also a worldwide public health problem. Long-term hypocalcemia will stimulate parathyroid hyperplasia and secrete excessive parathyroid hormone, resulting in parathyroid hyperfunction (pre-hyperparathyroidism) and then secondary hyperparathyroidism, both of which may damage bone and release calcium into blood, leading to diseases of multiple organs and tissues. The detection of bone metabolism indexes such as calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D may be helpful for the early diagnosis of pre-hyperparathyroidism and hyperparathyroidism. Supplementation of calcium and vitamin D in early stage can control the development of the disease and change "unpreventable and uncontrollable" into "preventable and controllable" . The health screening of bone metabolism indexes and parathyroid ultrasonography should be advocated, and the prevention and treatment of calcium and/or vitamin D insufficiency associated parathyroid hyperfunction and hyperparathyroidism should be strengthened, so as to greatly improve the bone health, urinary calculus, metastatic vascular calcification and systemic abnormal calcium migration and precipitation in the population.
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Objective To investigate the expression of TIP 30 protein in gastric cancer tissues,and effect of TIP30 over-expression on migration and invasion of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901.Methods Immunohistochemistry streptavid-in-peroxidase (SP) methods were used to detect the expression levels of TIP30 in 93 cases of gastric cancer tissues.Previously constructed pcDNA3.1-TIP30 plasmid were transiently transfected into SGC7901 cells.The proliferation of cells were detected by using MTT assay when TIP30 was overexpressed.Transwell assay to determine migration and invasion ability of SGC7901.Western blot was used to examine the changes of concentration of E-cadherin,N-cadherin and MMP9.Results The positive expression rate of TIP30 was 39％ significantly lower in gastric cancer tissues than 92％ in normal gastric mucosa tissues (x2 =32.68,P ＜ 0.05),there was a significant correlation between reduced expression of TIP30 and depth of infiltration,including nodal metastasis,TNM stage (x2 =3.535,7.421,6.754,all P ＜ 0.05);MTT showed that the proliferation of SGC7901 cells in the pcDNA3.1-TIP30 transfected group significantly decreased when TIP30 was overexpressed at respective time of 72,96 hours (t =6.528,7.249,both P ＜ 0.05),Transwell assay showed that overexpression of TIP30 significantly decreased migratory and invasive numbers of SGC7901 cells (t =5.769,P ＜ 0.05;t =7.886,P ＜ 0.05);the expression level of MMP-9 and N-cadherin in TIP30 overexpressing cells group significantly decreased (t =9.811,10.362,both P ＜ 0.05),mean while E-cadherin expression was significantly higher than before (t =6.137,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion TIP30 protein is low expressed in gastric cancer and the overexpression of TIP30 inhibits the proliferation,migration and invasion of gastric cell line SGC7901.
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For promoting the quality evaluation of Gardenia resource,a UPLC method for the determination of 4 compounds (geniposidic acid,geniposide,crocin-1 and crocin-2) in Gardeniae Fructus was established.The UPLC separation was performed on an Waters Acquity UPLC BEH-C18 (2.1 mm× 100 mm,1.7 μm) column eluted with the mobile phases of acetonitrile-0.1％ formic acid solution in a gradient mode at a flow rate of 0.3 mL· min-1.The detection wavelengths were 240 nm and 440 nm,respectively.Under the optimum conditions,the calibration curves of four analysis were linear in the range of 0.0065-0.0096 μg· mL-1,with correlation coefficients more than 0.9995.The limits of detection (LODs) of four analysis were in the range of 0.0386-0.1875 μg· mL-1.As the results of determination of 4 compounds of 12 batches of Gardeniae Fructus showed,there was great differences between the contents of the 4 compounds,the contents of geniposide were 2.44％-6.96％,while the contents of crocin-1 were 1.26％-3.04％.In addition,fingerprints of 12 batches of Gardenia resources were built using ChemPattern software,and analysis and exploration over the detection results of several samples were carried out using multivariate statistical method (similarity analysis,principal component analysis and cluster analysis).The present study provided a reference to value the importance of this method in the quality evaluation and quality control of Gardeniae resources and slices.
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As national strategic resources,traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resource is the material basis for the pharmaceutical industry and health services.The high-efficiency utilization of TCM resource is a major strategic issue that realize the resource conservation and environment friendly recycling economy,guarantee the sustainable development of medicine.But currently,on one hand,the wild TCM resource was seriously damaged and in a serious shortage of stock,the cultivation variety was degenerated,the tending of endangered medicinal materials and the development of alternative varieties were faced many problems.On the other hand,the limited resources cannot be effectively utilized,which results in the waste of resources.Therefore,two ecological restricted resources,poria cocos and Chinese gall,were studied for comprehensive utilization of resources to explore the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of TCM resource as well as the pattern of sustainable development.We suggested that TCM resource should be taken into account as a whole for comprehensive utilization.We should especially pay attention to basic research for the sustainable development of TCM resource,discovery of bioactive substance,excavation and transformation for functional components,the use of biotechnology,the product development,the formation and extension of industry chain.So as the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of TCM resources and sustainable development would be realized.
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This study was aimed to explore the in vitro antibacterial,anti-inflammatory and antitussive effects of water extract of Styrax japonicus leaves and to verify its concerning efficacies.In vitro antibacterial,anti-inflammatory and antitussive effects were observed by in vitro antibacterial experiment,cotton ball implantation,carrageenan-induced paw edema together with xylene-induced ear edema experiments with rats or mice,and ammonia hydroxide-induced coughing experiment,respectively.The results showed that water extract of Styraxjaponicus leaves can inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus except candida albicans.Its high-dose group can reduce the weight of cotton ball granuloma in rats obviously.And its low-dose and high-dose groups can inhibit carrageenan-induced paw edema apparently.Meanwhile,its low-dose and high-dose groups can improve xylene-induced ear edema distinctively.Its low-dose and high-dose groups can evidently prolong the ammonia hydroxide-induced coughing incubation periods.And all groups can reduce coughing times.It was concluded that the water extract of Styrax japonicus leaves coincided with the relative clinical efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and provided experimental evidences for its clinical application to some degree.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect and mechanism of Vav3 gene on the proliferation of human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of Vav3 proten in gastric cancer tissue, tumor-adjacent tissue, human gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 and gastric epithelial cell line GES-1 cells were tested by Western blot. Vav3-siRNA was transfected into the SGC7901 cells. The proliferation of SGC7901 cells in vitro was measured by MTT assay. Cell cycle of SGC7901 cells was determined by flow cytometry.The expressions of proliferation-related genes PCNA, p16, cyclin D1, Rb were determined by qPCR and Western blot assay. Orthotopic transplantation nude mouse models of gastric cancer were prepared, and the tumor growth and expressions of PCNA, P16, cyclin D1, and Rb proteins were examined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The relative expressions of Vav3 in the gastric cancer and peritumoral tissue were 0.910±0.242 and 0.243±0.045, respectively; the relative expressions of Vav3 in SGC7901 and GSE-1 cells were 0.925±0.127 and 0.277±0.038, respevtively (both P<0.05). The expression of Vav3 protein in SGC7901 cells was effectively inhibited by Vav3-siRNA. Proliferation of SGC7901 cells was inhibited by (83.43±10.17)% after 80 nmol/L Vav3-siRNA transfection (P<0.05). The ratio of SGC7901 cells in G0/G1 phase was increased, and in S phase decreased after Vav3-siRNA transfection (both P<0.05). The expressions of PCNA and cyclin D1 were decreased in cells after Vav3-siRNA transfection, and expressions of p16 and Rb were increased after Vav3-siRNA transfection (P<0.05 for all). The tumor growth in the Vav3-siRNA group was much slower than that in the other 2 control groups of nude mouse models. Compared with the two control groups, expressions of PCNA and cyclin D1 were significantly lower in the Vav3-siRNA group, while expressions of p16 and Rb were increased (P<0.05 for all).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Vav3 can promote the proliferation of gastric cancer cells by regulating proliferation-related genes.</p>